The Indication of Pronunciation in English Dictionaries during the 18th and 19th Centuries, and its Influence on English-Japanese Lexicography<BR><BR>

�@�@The indication of pronunciation in English dictionaries published during the 18th and 19th centuries can be categorised into two types. One is the indication by means of diacritical numerals, which was innovated by W. Kenrick in 1773 and developed by T. Sheridan and J. Walker. The other is the indication by means of diacritical marks, which was first employed by J. Buchanan in 1757 by placing macrons or breves above vowels. This was developed by E. Worcester,  N. Webster, C. A. Goodrich and N. Porter, and used especially in the United States.
�@�@Despite the fact that Walker's pronouncing dictionary gained widespread popularity during the first half of the 19th century, it was not employed at all in English-Japanese lexicography. Instead, Webster's system of indicating pronunciation was adopted by early English-Japanese lexicographers. The reason why it was widely used by them during the Meiji period was its relative completeness or comprehensiveness as a source book for the compilation of English-Japanese dictionaries.